Babylonian Astronomy – The Indo-Assyrian Roots

Indian themes in Assyrian history

Some 175-146 years after Hammurabi, the Assyrian throne passed onto his grandson, who ascended the throne of Babylon - and took a very Buddhist name. This is apparently a 1000 years before Gautama Buddha - as per Western dating fix! Known in history as Ammisaduqua /Ammisaduqa (1646-1626) - अमिष, amish in Sanskrit means truth and honesty + duqa = suffering, pain. Was Ammisaduqua one of the earliest Bodhisattvas, or one of the earliest followers of Buddha.

Western dating gone completely awry?

In the heavens ...

Apart from commissioning an authoritative study on planet Venus ('probably the earliest example' of astronomy), Ammisaduqua /Ammisaduqa /Ammizaduga is known for cancelling debts. Was he named Ammisaduqua /Ammisaduqa because he understood the 'true suffering' of the people.

The discovery of clay tablets at the Kuyunjik mound in mid 19th century, at Sippar, in modern Iraq, (ancient Niniveh), in the palace of Ashurbanipal (668-635 BC), in the 19th century, was the most complete set of tablets recovered, of the study first commissioned by Ammisaduqua. The name of the scribe of these tablets has been variously deciphered as Ku-Aya, Nur-Aya, Ipiq-Aya - and most interestingly as Kasap-Aya, the same as the famous Indian rishi Kashyapa, ऋषि कश्यप. Enuma Anu Enlil, the 70 clay tablet series, by astronomer-astrologers in Mesopotamia, recovered from the ruins of Ashurbanipal's Library, at Niniveh, contains 'careful records of celestial events for centuries' - with an inventory of 7000 omens.

Enuma-Anu, could also be spelt as Anumaanu. And अनुमान anumana, which in Sanskrit is, estimate, infer, deduce, close (not exact) calculation. Enlil is the Assyrian God of Winds and Skies. Anil अनिल is also the modern Sanskrit word for air, wind.

What Enuma Anu Enlil, then means is Calculation of the Winds and Skies - which is what it is. It has been noticed that there is "evidence that the earliest layers of this vast collection go back to lunar eclipse omens from the Dynasty of Akkad and Ur III late in the third millennium."

To the seas ...

The earliest extant account we get of the Flood, (pralaya प्रलय in Indian texts) Atra-hasis is also ascribed to the Ammisaduqua reign - which can be gauged by the scribal colophon marks. The Atra-hasis is the world's first account of the Flood (as per Western history) - which is recounted also in the Bible. This account of the Flood, the Atra-hasis, written by Atra, possibly by a scribe named after Rishi Atri, ऋषि अत्रि, one of the writers of the Rig Veda. The scribe writes, "at-ra-am-ha-si", which in Sanskrit will read as अत्री अहम्सी "Atri am I".

Since (deciphered) Akkadian language, in which these tablets were composed, works on presumptive vowels, (deciphered) vowels are a matter of guesswork, opinion and such. To give the benefit of doubt, most Assyriologists have little or poor knowledge of Indian texts and Sanskrit, which comes in the way of making some of these connections.

Eye in the sky ...

But wonder turns to puzzlement, when one comes to a Babylonian king called Kandalanu (647-627 BC) - or alternatively, Kundalin(i). Kundali कुण्डली in Sanskrit means circle - of seasons, life, fortune, etc - and janam kundali is made. The measurements of Saturn during Kandalanu's reign of 20-odd years are important to understanding Mesopotamian astronomy. Saturn in Indian astronomy is Shani शनि. In Indian astrology, Shani casts a dark and baleful shadow on which ever zodiac sign it moves into.

It is speculated that the Kandalanu was the throne name for Ashur-bani-pal - at whose library the above clay tablets were found. Historians have have mixed opinions about Kandalanu and Ashurbanipal being the same person.

Its gotta be the Greeks ...

Oh no! Not again!!

Babylonian astronomy (encompassing Assyrian, Mesopotamian, Sumerian, Akkadian) is closely allied with Indian developments in direction, purpose and history. This challenges modern history, caught between the 'Greek Miracle' as history school, which has stuck to the Egypt->Greece->Rome->Europe–>West-Is-The-Greatest Axis. For long, the West has systematically suppressed Indian achievements in various spheres - largely for reasons of colonial propaganda.

Western historians trace Indian own significant achievements in astronomy to 'import' from Babylon - via Greece! David Brown, an 'expert', on Mesopotamian astronomy and astrology, goes further and asserts that the "evidence for transmission to Greece and thence to India in the Hellenistic period was overwhelming." (from Learned antiquity By Alasdair A. MacDonald, Michael W. Twomey, G. J. Reinink).

What is this 'overwhelming' evidence that he presents? Nothing, but the usual dating mix ups. Considering "it unlikely that it was the work of one person' , analysts are surprised, 'considering its internal consistency".

Worried, Mr.Brown? There is more, where this from, Mr.Brown.

Surely, if Indians needed to learn, would it not have been easier and simpler, Mr.Brown, for Indians to have learnt this directly, from the Babylonians - instead of getting of it second hand from the Greeks.

Two Aryans - Hitler and Gandhiji

1907-1908

In 1906-07, an Turkish archeologist , Theodore Makridi-Bey, started excavations at Hattusas (Boghazkoi), 150-200 kms from Ankara, in Cappadocia. He was joined by Hugo Winckler, a German archaeologist, specialising in Assyria. They unearthed more than 10,000 clay tablets which proved to be of tremendous interest.

1921 AD

Boghazkoi clay tablets were decrypted and submitted for peer review. These tablets without dispute made the following things clear - One, the link between the clay tablets and India was clear; two, the date of these tablets was 1800-1900 BC.

Problems For Euro Centric Historians

1. Indian civilization was dated by colonial historians till then at 1500 BC.
2. Indus Valley between 1800-2000 BC.
3. Boghaz Koi challenged these dates.
4. The newer dates pushed back the Indian Civilisation at least to 3000BC-2500BC. Most possibly even earlier - 3500-3000 BC.

The Indian Quadratic Core

How could the, one, Ramayana and Mahbharata, two, Vedas, three, the Puranas and four, the Upandishads get composed in less than 800 years (between 2500, as speculated and the Boghazkoi date of 1800 BC. If the quadratic core of the Indian civilization, was composed in a more realistic time frame of 1000-1500 years, then it pushes the date of the Indian civilization to 3000 BC.

With these dates, the history of the world will have to re-written. It will prove that India civilized the world - time and again.

The entire Boghazkoi research and artifacts were being researched largely in Germany. Kaiser Wilhelm personally reviewed German archaeology activity. Excavation, discoveries and decryption happened between 1907-1921 - the formative years of Adolph Hitler.

These initial findings excited the German archaeological world - and suppressed in the English speaking media (for obvious colonial benefits). All this emerging data and research pointed to an Aryan centric world history.

Hitler decided to usurp this history - being decrypted in Germany. These archaeologists were dismissed by the Egypt-Greece-Rome-Europe axis as pan Babylonists.

In November 8^th 1923 came the Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler was imprisoned and over the next 2 years came the Mein Kampf. Hitler’s prejudices were a mix of: -

1. European xenophobia (consider the anti Semitism (1000-1850), the Gypsy genocide (1500-2000),
2. Intolerance, (the extinction of the Provence culture(Albigensian Crusade of 1200-1300), The Hussite Wars(1419-36), the Spanish Inquisition(1275-1500).
3. A new ingredient - the German research into the pre-Egyptian history of the Aryan Babylon at Boghazkoi and the Amarna letters.

Europeans for long, considered themselves as a branch of the Indo-European Aryans. Faced with this new evidence of Aryan dominance of modern civilisation, Hitler succumbed.

Subsequent research was frozen - in the mayhem of subsequent Weimar Republic - which lost all interest in archaeology. Hitler’s Euro-centric military agenda overwhelmed further research and development. Post WW2 world has thrown up yet another set of equations.

Net nett - very little progress till recently.

On the opposite of the world, the actual Aryans were being recast - in the furnace of a colonial world. Many at that time, did not consider the possibility that India would become.

MN Roy (founder of Indian Communism), Homi Mody (industrialist) represented realism of the time. They can now safely referred to as British colonial lackeys. But at that in history, it was realism.

After all, how could a frail, old man with little money, no army, overcome the greatest empire that the world had known - the British Empire.

2 years ago, genetic sampling across India did not throw up any DNA markers common to the supposed invaders. This completely disproved the invasion /migration theory. It is now clear Aryan were home grown Indians.

Hitler just did not have it in him. The real, pure Aryan was Gandhiji.